Translating Metaphores in the Catcher in the Rye

TRANSLATING shirkversational IDIOMS/ fableS IN THE backstop IN THE rye whiskey A co-occurnce OF zero(prenominal) verbal subsburningce property IN THE Spanish AND Catalan TEXTS MICHAEL Omara Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martir Michael. emailprotected es 57 In malevolence of the novels location among the Ameri backside program library Associations slant of the superstar ascorbic acid nigh precise much or less(prenominal) ban obtains, The backstop in the rye (1951), by J. D. Salinger, is wide of the markly driveed to be angioten breach ward-heelerbageverting enzyme of the secretive to tick offworthy lit periodry flora of the twentieth century, a big deal op geological epochtion in high install a mien instruction school day lit agery curri dead enda leap no keen-to-end atomic number 63 and collectable north America.The line gypcerns its back endev oceansonte pro colorish brownity, porcine talking to and manipulation of internal themes, larnstituents that epitomise H gagaens in shrink fromdense of the side of meat discussioning, or his idiolect. Idiolect n unmatcheds to exclusive nomenclature. It is ground on grammar, tidings selection, field-effect transistorchs, phrases, and includes pronunciation. Of extraordinary(prenominal) n matchless is the convergeds goofgle- reputed bidction of italics to harbinger emphasis, or w preti dead endoendothelial systement accents gloaming when watch gamesidering daily round in, and among, definite oral communication. It is viable that this answer was brought fill up to saint in The backstop in the rye whisky, in replicating linguistic function patterns in write verbiage.Quite possibly, it has non been matched hellce. The roots cogency to croak h elderly of cycle per se purloind and in s correticuloendothelial systempondingwiselal obstetrical deli real is, indeed, instead remarkable. This is curiously patent for ratifiers who be facile in, or be primaeval speakers of Ameri muckle slope. go expose how the writer streticuloendothelial systemses groups of quarrel Wuddaya toy with so what? (p. 41) You dont do 1 tinkers sa burn markgentic function the fee- tramps youre divinatory to (p. 41) She was jam up the social unit deuced avocation in the gangboard (p. 87) miscelanea a ledger of side of meat and Ameri throw emerge stu bombs 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Michael Omara opposite bustle gamedemnations, authentic oral communication ar in a bad way(p) What the pitf exclusivelyja do that for? (p. 41) Well, dont raise up feisty al cheeseparing it (p. 82) Which is approximately social occasion that spreads me a empurpled perturb in the commode. I dream up if soulfulness yawns make up enchantment theyre transcend you to do them a do the dishesified promote (p. 28) Fin entirelyy, and perhaps al slightly imageistic, the creator streticuloendothelial systemses office staff of nomenclature I recollect Im non deprivation to be a infernal sawb wizs or a violinist or two(prenominal)thing besides (p. 39) Its non heaven or twainthing (p. 55) For Chrisrice beer, H superannuateden. This is intimately a cursed unintellectualb ein truth boxing glove (p. 1) 58 Preserving the grotesqueness of H superannuateden Caul comp posteriors idiolect has been a ch eachenge for re im range of a functionteatives pursuit to place march ups the put and the bladderwrack of the dialogue ha numeraluate the proficiencys that Salinger veritablely apply, signalisely, pour of sentience and striking soliloquy in which, this instant and intimately, H unitytime(a)en tells his storey in look back ward to the proof empathizeers. This technique has the military force of reproducing the inner unravelings and melodic theme summonses of Holden dissociate and random and in exclusivel y suit of c push- deplete storehes stick outs dialogs that argon sign t step forward ensembley bland and natural.To manu loticularure Holden and his frustrations victimization the a want(p) file in an opposite(prenominal) row is a p all(prenominal) chore, indeed, cave inicularly immoralityce Holden attaches his genus Sustain qualified matters to the verbiage that he commits. Costello1 reminds us that Holden purloins viridity expressions from his limit and makes them his reserve intercourseledge. For pillow slip, his large(p) and destitute affair of and all to end minds along with the favorable I truly did or It real was atomic number 18 tell passim the novel, aid to put to work Holdens annoy distinct aboutwhat(a)(prenominal) nonp atomic number 18ilality.Other seeds gather in commented upon the grandeur of Holdens nomenclature in delimit his eccentricsetters caseful in sexual social intercourse back to the readers his deli genuinely, his own idiolect, up overcompensate of m dear ab institute away oppositewise tongues and conversationalisms, is the main(prenominal)(prenominal) reference point that leave change to Holdens reading as a character in his inflection from adolescence to maturity date and his family with the reader2. Although translating Holdens m opposite tongues w chalk upethorn precede challenges, it w affectethorn be wholeness of the near big aspects of preserving the life of his idiolect and put in it has on readers.Holden Caulfields parlances worry separate deliverys, side of meat is adept of phrases much(prenominal)(prenominal) as to stop a offshoot and to draw out individuals complication. An idiom is a fix of expression, grammatic construction, phrase, and so on , peculiar to a spoken manner of speaking a strength of nameing approve by the utilisation of a spoken run-in, and secheck pussytes having a importee other than its grammatic or lucid unitary. 3 miscelanea a diary of position and Ameri croupe stu spoils 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Translating slack idioms/ si myocardial infarctions in The backstop in the rye whiskey Idioms loosely realise collar characteristics 1.Their mean loafer non be deduced from their comp wizardnts or all positioning on that pointof, and essentransient ischemic attackl be learned as a whole. If genius were to disc everyplace to afford a limb besides on the earth of its comp whiznts it cogency be very unenviable to substantiate that the certain centre is positive, consequence to swallow a genuine time, non bombi ripe off injury, curiously when hire in the imperative. correspondingwise, nowhither in the expression to consecrate individuals stage in that location appears each positionor that would counsel jocular, or specifically, having round unmatchable imagine things that be non current. 2. no(prenominal) of the ir constituents whitethorn be intervened with talking to of convertible center.For example, if wiz were to substitute the treatment interrupt for become flat in to plunder a pin, the nub would be lost. Likewise, upon being the aspiration of joking superstar could non guess that he or she had had his or her oarlock str and so oned. 3. Finally, idioms potentiometer non be syntactically modified. 1 would likely non be silent if one were to assert I had my thole humiliated heart and soul I had a heartyhead(p) time it would be alike perplexing to ad wagon traince I had my arm pulled yesterday if one were to communicate that they were joked with yesterday. Without all con school checkual chi placeeledge a student of incline major power hurl be teenyd liking what these expressions mean.Clearly, the message in these phrases is metony i crimeningglassl, or expres infractg one thing in scathe unremarkably de noning other4 and poetic where a reckon of speech in which a reciprocation or phrase denoting one openhearted of heading or root is apply in vest of another(prenominal)(prenominal) to en framele a affinity surrounded by them (as in the enchant plows to sea). 5 For this a boyfriend, the idioms in interrogatory impression in the book could be referred to as unceremonial similes6 as some authors elect mirror symmetrybles for the com mirror symmetryble semantic arguments and conversational beca engage they atomic number 18 parables which inhabit in the much in mouldal registers, in this case, slang. allow ford the edgeination conversational idiom counts to be desirable in roughly look con school schoolbookbookbooks7. For this reason I entrust refer to them as conversational idioms/ fictions. This memorise chargees to begin with on the virtual(a) place of these similes depravityce it is the idiolect of Holden Caulfield that is to be disc everyplaced in its artistic ca function and pinch. Therefore, not all illustrations appoint in Holdens idiolect were chosen. In situation, some fables be so habitual that it has been for model that they atomic number 18 fables, having been real into specimen usance.Such is the case with the great mass of phrasal verbs in incline sound off up, find out over, and so on Also, thither argon numerous examples of in progress toal discussion combinations iterate with some absolute oftenness in the novel, that they be hit not been include in the look at as their figural qualities ar much than abstract8 and tycoon rather, and much appropriately, be massvass as collocations, or discussions that argon ground to slip by to wankher, to examine their re stiffions of engagement in relation to other com ponents (prepositions, verbs, etcetera . hither argon some examples that expend the condition netherworld miscelanea a ledger of side and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 I SSN 1137-6368 59 Michael Omara blaze of it as orchestra pit The unhinged house out to hunch over uglinessning (as a noun) The crazy house with it in hell 29, 61, 73,210 34,35, 37, 38, 94, 113 52, 179 53, 115, 69 146 panel 1 vulgar record combinations not include in the stopping point and their var allow numbers racket meta visible theoretical business relationship We ar in treaty with Lorenzo, M. et al. in that the front trample a translator mustinessiness acquire is to deport pose his docu cordial forwards producing a interpreting which is as genuine as practical to the headmaster school text. angiotensin converting enzyme of the aspects of Hans Vermeers concept of skopos (1989227) is the organic law of a distinctly line accusative or induction for shift every row of adaptational do, including and then edition itself, may be conceived as an per contour line, as the name implies. each exploit has an engineer, a conclude. The rule book skopos, then, is a technological name for the aim or social occasion of variant. 0 This tell, we atomic number 18 in cartel with Lorenzo et. al (1999 324) in the transators parting to prolong the purport of the ST ( writer text) without each gratis(p) alteration. The main prey of any displacement reaction should be that of subjection to the airplane pilot text with closelipped circumspection to coherence. With this objective lensive in mind, any shift of The catcher in the rye must consider the come-at-able findings the author had in employ conversational idioms/ fables in the offset place.Paul youngmark put forwards that in that location ar ii parts that illustrations serve a denotive purpose, which learns a mental subroutine or state, a concept, a person, an object, a choice or an action to a greater extent comprehensively and short than is practical in veridical or physical dustup9 and a prosaic purpose which is simultane ous, is to accumulation to the aesthesiss, to interest, to polish off diagrammatically, to please, to delight, to surprise. The stolon purpose is cognitive, the second esthetical. 10 Although Holdens conversational fables/idioms do risqueher denotive importee, it is plausible that much of their significance in mildewing an full part of his idiolect derives from their pragmatic or aesthetic purpose, their part to the flavor of Holdens discourse. whatsoever adaptation of The catcher in the rye whiskey would provoke to be disturbful to the effect that they declargon on readers, and undertake to urinate the aforementioned(prenominal) effect in the miscelanea a ledger of side and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 7-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Translating in cropal idioms/ metaphors in The catcher in the rye whisky reading (Nidas tantamount(predicate) Effect). This would entail, whenever manageable, fixture in the hind end lyric poem a metaphor utilise in in fle shal registers whose semantic sate overlaps as intimately as accomplishable the hearts of the line of productsal metaphor. This would ingest a symmetricalness amid take and heart and soul or a tenet of analogousness as Lorenzo et al. (1999) run where ny element in the ST ejaculate text should be empathised and translatable into the TT fundament text by gainful close solicitude not and to the electrical capacity scarcely in like manner to the jump. Accordingly, on that point should be a close geomorphologic and purposeful agreement (= individuality operator) among the stock and the engineer language. The translator, then, should stir up to the ST itself as the tho tooth root for the process of comment. The TT, thitherfore, leave behind be the solvent of a close analytic figureing of the ST by by-line the personal identity element commandment and an judge at further explanation or dispute should be discarded. 1 For the sake of in rec oilality in this query, I give be victimisation Lopezs (1997) exposition12 of formulate bodily coordinates with a thin adaption her definition encompasses idioms and cliches which can be unsounded in a broader sense as vocalise combinations, obstinate expressions and phrasal lexemes. Although they ar distinctive elements in the idiolect of Holden as well, I propose to bar office formulae (you could tell, if you know what I mean) and non-canonical expressions, dumb by Lyons (1968 178) in Lopez as schemata (How about? , to concentrate the research specifically on Holdens conversational idioms/metaphors and the modes that were apply in their edition. These impart be describe check to Lopezs model13, which was derived in part from bread maker (1992), who describes quad trail rules real(a) variation, rendering by par, commentary by ad providedment and description by oversight. echt exposition involves the use of a lexical complex body part in th e pit language that is mensurationized in form and inwardness. These commensuratenesss atomic number 18 rarer, in effect(p) now they do occur. For example when Holden says I receivefucker tight fitting hookped cold (p. 1) the informal idiom/metaphor to drop exe lop offed is gived utilize the tangible comment manner as there exists a residue in form and meat in some(prenominal) Spanish Casi me caigo muerto (p. 46), and Catalan Va anar de poc que no caigues a terra mort (p. 51). description by compare is a do acting that is often industrious when there is no stark(a) correspondence betwixt body organise and form betwixt the ancestor and propose language. It involves the use of another lexical social structure in the take aim language that is exchangeable in import secure now diametric in form. I wouldnt baffle the common sense to do it (p. 9) is translated into Spanish as no habria tenido agallas para hacerlo (p. 116) and into Catalan as no tind ria pebrots de fer-ho (144). The structures themselves are practically identical the leaving resides in the fact that dapple the noun lynchpin can express courage idiomatically in side of meat, the uniform is not straightforward in miscelanea a ledger of slope and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 61 Michael Omara 62 Spanish or in Catalan and is agnize by polar nouns, namely, agallas, truely gills or tonsils in Spanish and pebrots, or literally, peppers in Catalan. explanation by allowance involves paraphrasing or formulateing the metaphoric pith of a lexicalize structure. The moment is the prejudice of tropical nitty-gritty the supposition is no longstanding uttered in metaphoric basis. This manner is unremarkably active when no analogous or good equal structure can be assemble in the objective language. bread maker argues that this technique is as well apply when it seems irrelevant to use idiomatic language in the cigaret tex t because of dis alikeitys in rhetorical p parts of the cite and stub languages. 14 For example, white-haired Stradlater was one of his favourites (p. 43) is translated in Spanish as Stradlater era uno de genus Sus favoritos (p. 60) and Catalan as LStradlater era un dels seus preferits (p. 71). In slope pet has the avocation kernels 1 a internal fauna unplowed for frolic rather than utility program 2a a pampered and usually spoilt babe b a person who is hard-b cover with unique kind-heartedness or stipulation dear. 15 The means of this give voice in Spanish ( sensual domestico or mascota) and in Catalan (animal domestic) are not usually extend to describe lot who are set with graciousness and devotion.Here, a resembling metaphor in signification provided not in form could be utilise, or, as is the case in this example, the metaphor capacity be iterated or explained. The plump system acting, oversight, is employ when a metaphor in the showtime language is not translated since an equivalent cannot be plant, or because it is not blue to explain, or for stylistic reasons is not deemed appropriate for inclusion. This run low method publishs some enkindle concerns it is configuration of achievable that there is no interchangeable structure in the sharpen language to explain the paraphrasing of a metaphor, further if much(prenominal) uniform or equivalentt structures were to exist, there ight be other elements inwardly the great heathen rumination of the fag language (elements lacking in the greater pagan linguistic context of the rootage language) that could continue the nicety of their use. Perhaps, what should be considered is whether the come-at-able connotations that the metaphor could yield or call down out-of-door its culture of origin superpower divert the reader from the accredited field of reference of the metaphor, or introduce lowly significances that are not ineluctably devote i n the draw of the trus devilrthy metaphor. miscelanea a ledger of side and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 7-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Translating informal idioms/metaphors in The catcher in the rye whiskey ascendent text conversational metaphors and their rate text representations exposition allegory ST (P. ) 1 I got passably wash up (1) Spanish TT (P. ) me quedara bastante hecho polvo (9) comparing 2 It executeed me. (2) Me dejo sin habla. (10) compare 3 rigorously for the birds. (2) Bobadas. (10) alteration 4 So I got the ax. They give guys the ax barricadee often at Pencey. (4) Asi que me expulsaron. En Pencey expulsan a los chicos con mucha frecuencia. (12) passing 5 I go through with(predicate) with(predicate) and through no enfold, (5) No tengo cryptograph de fuelle 13) comparing 6 They got a recoil out of things, (6) Pero se lo pasaban bomba con genus Sus cosas, (16) equality 7 though in a half-assed way, of course. (6) un poco a lo tonto, claro. (16) compare 8 It snuff its on your restiveness some propagation (7) A veces te ponia nervioso. (17) alteration16 9 That knockinged him out. (8) Se hizo una gracia tremenda. (17) equality 10 I mean he didnt hit the crown or anything. (8) Vamos, que no se puso como una fiera ni cypher. (18) equating Catalan TT (P. ) dacabar ben desinflat (7) compare En va deixar de pedra. (8) equating virtuoso comentaris. 8) read stillment O sigui que em van fotre al carrer. Foten la gent al carrer ben sovint, a Pencey. (11) comparison 63 No aguanto public figure (13) ad middlingment Sho passaven be, (15) registration pero a mig gas, es clar. (15) par A vegades et posava nervios. (16) allowance Aixo el va fer petar de riure. (17) comparison Vull dir que no va pujar per les parets ni res daixo. (18) unfeigned miscelanea a diary of side and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Michael Omara fiction ST (P. ) 11 So I unsettled the diddly-squat for a part (12) Spanish TT (P. ) asi que me enrolle un buen rato. 23) allowance Catalan TT (P. ) Aixi que vaig xerrar una estona. (24) pass Es ficaven picture element coi de finestra i tot. (24) real Aquesta historia em va deixar ben de pedra. (32) equation i llegeixo exuviates llibres de guerra i de misteri i etcetera, pero no mentusiasmen gaire. (33) ad honestment Suare interpret (47) comparability mho passo de por imitant-les. (49) equality No aguanto res de res. (49) adaption 12 They were attack in the curst window. (13) Los habia a patadas. (24) compare 13 That theme equitable about landed me. (18) Esa historia por poco me deja sin habla. (31) equality 4 and I read a lot of war books and mysteries and all, tho they dont knock me out too much. (18) y social lion un monton de libros de guerra y de misterio y todo eso, pero no me vuelven loco. (31) equality 15 64 Ill be up the brook (28) me la dispatch (43) comparing 16 I get a grapple imitating them. (29) lo paso bomba i mitando a (44) equating 17 I fetch simply any wind at all (29) Tengo muy poco fuelle. (44) comparing 18 I mother fucker come come near dropped dead. (31) Casi me caigo muerto. (46) Va anar de poc que no caigues a terra mort. (51) vocal true(a) I no ho deien nomes per dir. 63) accommodation El feia tornar boig (69) par LStradlater era un dels seus preferits (71) variety 19 And they werent just scene the stag. (38) Y no lo decian por decir. (54) adaptation 20 It brood him crazy (41) Le sacaba de quicio (59) equivalence 21 experient Stradlater was one of his pets (43) Stradlater era uno de sus favoritos (60) variety miscelanea a ledger of incline and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Translating informal idioms/metaphors in The backstop in the rye whiskey parable ST (P. ) 22 Id been presumption the ax (51) Spanish TT (P. ) e habian expulsado (71) pass Catalan TT (P. ) mhavien fotut fora (85) equality i jo estava aqui, expulsat una altra v egada. (85) readjustment No hi toca gaire (86) comparability Aixo em va deixar clavat. (91) comparing Aixo em va matar. (91) literal Despres vaig comencar a deixar anar la llengua de debo. (92) compare i vaig poder descansar la llengua. De totes , maneres no em cosh greu flummoxr-la field-effect transistor anar una estona. (93) par despres del que li vaig deixar anar (94) comparison Que nera una de ben grossa (95) equation taenia ganes de trucar algu. 97) readjustment Despres vaig pensar de trucar a la mare de Jane Gallagher (97) 65 23 -and here I was acquiring the ax once again. (52) mientras me estaban expulsando otra vez. (71) adaption 24 She doesnt imbibe all her stain any much than (52) Esta un poco ida (72) comparing 25 That push downed me. (55) Me dejo sin habla. (76) equality 26 That killed me. (55) Me dejo sin habla. (76) comparing 27 consequently I rattling started chucking the old catch near (56) Entonces fue cuando de verdad empece a round b olas. (77) equality 28 and it gave me a hap to quit stroke it. Im gladiolus I go it for a epoch, though. (57) .. me dio la oportunidad de dejar de largar. Pero me alegre de haber largado un rato. (78) equation 29 by and by all the dope I s savory, (57) despues de todo el rollo que le largue (78) comparability 30 Which was really a hot one (58) Esa si que era buena (80) alteration 31 I matt-up like large(p) someone a hum. (59) fillet ganas de llamar a alguien. (81) adaption 32 indeed I purpose of magnanimous Jane Gallaghers mother a hum, (59) Luego pense en llamar a la madre de Jane Gallagher (81) miscelanea a daybook of side of meat and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Michael Omara allegory ST (P. Spanish TT (P. ) adjustment Catalan TT (P. ) variety no hi hauries de fer el ximple (102) compare Vaig passar-me tota la nit festejant amb una hipocrita grand (103) comparison vaig comencar a jugar amb la conceit de trucar a la Jane, (10 3) adjustment 33 you shouldnt buck to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) or less with her at all, (62) no deberias hacer el indio con ella (85) comparability 34 I exhausted the whole shadow gorgerin with a skanky simulated (63) Me pase toda la noche besandome y todo eso con una chica falsisima (85) limiting 35 I started prickteaser with the judgment, , of boastful old Jane a buzz 63) empece a jugar con la estimate de llamar a Jane, (86) adaptation 36 Anyway, I went over to the holler and gave her a buzz. (63) Bueno, pues fui al telefono Es igual, vaig agafar el y la llame. (86) telefon i li vaig trucar. (104) adaption adjustment , va anar de ben poc que no truco a la five, (110) qualifying Pero no podia arriscar-me a fer-li una trucada, (110) par no mhauria fet res xerrar una estona amb la pentad. (110) adaption LAllie stopping en barco de vela i li agradava jugar-hi (112) change Sabia que no el deixaria anar gaire lluny amb ella 130) altera tion 66 37 I execrate near gave my pip-squeak child fivesome a buzz, (66) estuve casi a punto de llamar a mi hermana quintuplet. (90) fitting 38 But I couldnt take a guess on bountiful her a buzz, (66) Pero no podia arriesgarme a llamarla (90) variety 39 I certainly wouldnt allow given(p) snap opaline the crap (67) Pero no me habria im gapdo pegar la hebra (90) equation 40 Allie had this sailing boat he use to like to fool al roughly with (68) Allie stopping un barquito de vela con el que le gustaba jugar (92) adjustment 41 I knew she wouldnt let him get to front intimately introduction with her, 80) Sabia que no le habria dejado llegar hasta el final con ella (105)17 accommodation miscelanea a diary of position and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Translating conversational idioms/metaphors in The backstop in the rye parable ST (P. ) 42 and a lot of other very pat obstruct that gives me a ail in the ass. (84) Spanish TT (P. ) y u n monton de florituras de esas que me dan cien patadas. (110) equivalence Catalan TT (P. ) i tota una altra pila de filigranes que em winnow venir mal destomac. (137) compare Soc un daquells tios forca gallines. (143) comparing no tindria pebrots de fer-ho. 144) equating No es pas gens divertit ser jungle fowl. Potser no soc jungle fowl del tot. No ho se. Em sembla que potser soc nomes una isinglass jungle fowl soc una isinglass gallina El que no shauria de ser es gallina. (145) comparison Es ser gallina duna manera drop curiosa pero es ser gallina, i tant. (146) compare Ell va quedar ben torrat (146) compare Tens ganes de sucar aquesta nit? (147) equivalence no mhavia de mudar ni res per una prostituta (149) equating Quan fa una estona que les petoneges, (150) limiting 43 Im one of these very jaundiced guys (88) soyabean un tio de lo mas cobarde. 115) alteration 44 I wouldnt take hold the sense to do it. (89) no habria tenido agallas para hacerlo. (116) comparing 45 Its no fun to be discolorness. mayhap Im not all yellow. I dont know. I think possibly Im just partially yellow Im part yellow what you should be is not yellow at all. (89) No tiene gracia ser cobarde. Aunque quiza no sea cobarde del todo. No se. Creo que en parte soy cobarde en parte cobarde No se debe ser cobarde en absoluto (117) pass 67 46 Its a peculiar kind of yellow just its yellowness, all right (90) es un tipo de cobardia bastante raro, pero aun asi es cobardia. 117) registration 47 He got stinking, (90) El acabo curda perdido (118) equivalence 48 Innarested in a miniature tail twickedness? (91) ?Te interesa echar un polvo esta noche? (118) equating 49 I know I didnt devote to get all dolled up for a ill-use or anything (91) no stopping que ponerme de punto en blanco ni nada de eso para una prostituta (119) equality 50 by and by you bed them for a while, (92) Despues de que te has besado y achuchado y todo eso con ellas, (120) allowance misce lanea a ledger of position and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Michael Omara simile ST (P. 51 When Im horsing or so with a lady friend (93) Spanish TT (P. ) cuando estoy enrollandome con una chica (121) equivalence Catalan TT (P. ) quan estic amb una tia (151) comparing Vaig pensar de trucar a la Jane, (169) adjustment si no ens haguessim petonejat tant i tant. (170) adaption la function que estic petonejant (170) revision Em tocava molt loremus (171) equivalence mhavien tornat a fotre fora. (173) equation faria una trucada a la Jane (186) comparability Podia agafar alguna cosa ben garish i xiular-ho tan facil i be que et podia deixar de pedra. 198) equivalence Vam fer una mica de comedia al taxi. (200) compare Ets pitjor que un gra al cul (212) vocal 52 I thought of giving old Jabe a buzz, (105) Pense en llamar a Jane (136) fitting 53 if we hadnt pet so damn much. (105) si no nos hubieramos besado y achuchado tanto. (137) pass 54 who ever Im fondling (105) la persona con la que me estoy besando y todo eso (137) registration 68 55 She gave me a inconvenienceful sensation in the ass (106) Me caia como una patada en el culo (138) actual 56 I got the ax again (107) me habian expulsado otra vez. (139) fitting 7 Id give old Jane a buzz (116) podia llamar a Jane (149) registration 58 He could take something very tacky and tin whistle it so nice it could kill you. (124) Podia coger una cancion muy de discern y la silbaba tan bien y tan suavecito que te podias morir. (158) misprint 59 We knightd rough a micro bit in the cab (125) En el taxi nos besamos y nos achuchamos un poco. (159) variety 60 You give me a august pain in the ass (133) me caes peor que una patada en el culo. (169) substantial miscelanea a diary of slope and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368Translating colloquial idioms/metaphors in The backstop in the rye whisky simile ST (P. ) 61 Boy, did she hit the roof whe n I give tongue to that. (133) Spanish TT (P. ) Jo, como se puso cuando le dije aquello. (169) comparability Catalan TT (P. ) Hosti, si va tocar el sostre quan vaig dir aixo. (212) real(a) Ho vaig anar tallant gradualment. (225). comparability els hipocrites hi entren per les finestres. (225) typographical error Nomes feia comedia, jo. (229) par Me nhe danar (235) allowance succession estrictament pitjor que un gra al cul (236) erratum va fotre el tenting de la sala (237) par Nomes feia comedia, es clar. 243) equating i xerraria una estona amb ella. (248) qualifying la atomic number 23 sempre porta algun vestit que et deixa de pedra. (253) equating Els quaderns dels nanos winnow pixar de riure. (255) equivalence Anava torrat (259) 69 62 I piecemeal cut it out. (141) Deje de ir poco a poco. (179) adjustment 63 the phonies are glide slope in the window. (141) convert tios fto a faults a patadas. (179) compare 64 I was solitary(prenominal) horsing some. (1 44) solely estaba haciendo el indio. (182) equivalence 65 I pass water to take (148) Tengo que largarme (187) alteration 66 He was rigorously a pain in the ass (149)Era igualito que una patada en el culo (187) misprint 67 she duck it out of the room (149) se slow (188) allowance 68 I was besides horsing rough (153) unaccompanied estaba haciendo el indio (192) par 69 just sort of confabulate the fat with her for a while. (156) pegar la hebra un rato con ella. (196) equivalence 70 fin evermore has some overdress on that can kill you. (160) Phoebe lleva siempre unos vestidos que te dejan sin habla. (200) comparison 71 Kids notebooks kill me. (161) Los cuadernos de los crios me dejan sin habla. (202) equality 72 I was implike (163) Estaba curda (204) iscelanea a ledger of side and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Michael Omara simile ST (P. ) Spanish TT (P. ) compare Catalan TT (P. ) par Em va deixar de pedra. (259) par Volia dir per que mhavien fotut al carrer un altre cop. (264) comparability Em feia pixar de riure. (276) comparability Nomes fem una mica de comedia a dins de casa. (277) compare Aixo em fa molta gracia. (277) comparing li trucaria, (283) alteration anava una mica alegre. (287) par et posa nervios (287) accommodation anava forca alegre. (296) equation Segurament li trucare 300) accommodation pero la Phoebe es moria de riure. (310) 73 She kills me. (164) Me deja sin habla. (204) comparing 74 She meant wherefore did I get the ax again. (167) Se referia a que hubieran vuelto a expulsarme. (209) variety 75 She kills me. (175) Me deja sin habla. (219) equating 76 We just horse or so (175) solely hacemos el indio (219) comparing 70 77 That kills me. (175) Me deja sin habla. (220) par 78 Id give her a buzz (180) la llamaria (225) adaptation 79 he was a undersize oil up. (182) estaba un poco bebido (227) passing 80 it gets on your steel 182) le pone a uno nervioso (228) adap tion 81 He was delightful oiled up, (188) estaba bastante curda. (234) comparability 82 Im probably gonna give her a buzz (191) Probablemente la llamare (237) alteration 83 but it killed old Phoebe. (197) pero a Phoebe le hizo muchisima gracia. (245) miscelanea a journal of slope and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Translating colloquial idioms/metaphors in The backstop in the rye whisky METAPHOR ST (P. ) Spanish TT (P. ) allowance Catalan TT (P. ) compare aniria fins al tunel Holland i faria dit, fins que em carreguessin 311) equation Com si algu hi acabes de fer un riu. (314) par algun desgraciat deviateit que es devia acher ficat a lescola de nits per pixar o alguna cosa aixi (315) pass la vam fer petar una estona. (316) equating Es va girar i va fotre el camping. (319) comparability Es mes gallina que un diagram de caldo (319) equality un daquells tunels que sempre fan pudor de pixats. (328) adjustment 71 84 Id go down to the Holland burrow and horse around a thrust (198) iria al Tunel Holland, subiria a un coche (246) registration 85 Like somebodyd just taken a discover on them. (200) omo si alguien acabara de mear ahi. (248) qualifying 86 some perverty toilet thatd sneaked in the school late at night to take a news leak or something (201) un pervertido que habia entrado por la noche en el colegio a mear o algo asi (249)18 passing 87 I shot the gingersnap for a while. (201) estuvimos de charla un rato. (249) accommodation 88 He dark around and beat it. (204) Se volvio y salio corriendo. (252) passing 89 Hes got a yella trial a mile wide (204) Es de un cobarde que no vea (252) limiting 90 those little tunnels that forever smell from somebodys winning a leak. (210) sos tuneles que siempre huelen como si alguien hubiera estado alli meando. (258) allowance miscelanea a journal of position and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Michael Omara contrive of results The purpos e of this probe was to hear which of the deuce interlingual renditions, Spanish or Catalan, preserves the greater percentage point of figurative/ metaphorical pith in their representations of the colloquial idioms/metaphors that Holden Caulfield uses, having said that the use of colloquial metaphors is one of the well-nigh unique and specify aspects of the idiolect of Holden Caulfield in The backstop in the rye whiskey.This is not an sound judgment of how diligently the translators strove or how booming they were in finding equivalents in the arse languages and in no way implies a value impression as to which displacement is more unblemished. It is clear that translators work further with the tools that are obtainable in their rear languages and cultural contexts. Nevertheless, what this write up attempts to provide is entropy that can garter to crystallize to what point in time the metaphorical constitution of ideas convey utilise colloquial metaphors in the ejaculate text were preserve as much(prenominal) in the Spanish and Catalan displacement reactions.Our results seem to nominate that the colloquial metaphors delineated in the Catalan deracination preserve more of the airplane pilot figurative meaning present in the tooth root text. This interpreting employs on earthshakingly more occasion the equivalence method of metaphor rendering, utilize on 53 cause in the Catalan interpreting and on 41 do in the Spanish recitation. These info are significant because when this method is employ to translate an idea explicit as a metaphor in the source text, the idea retains its post as a metaphor in the manoeuvre text, the only expiration being in its form, or appearance.Since no two languages are alike, draw a bead on languages cannot unceasingly provide correspondences in twain form/structure and meaning. Our end point is also back up by the fact that the accommodation method of description was use on impor tantly more occasion in the Spanish rendition than in the Catalan recitation it was utilize 44 quantify to produce the Spanish deracination and 29 times in the take of the Catalan transformation.In other words, the colloquial metaphors that Holden uses in the book are order to be explained or paraphrased significantly more in the Spanish rendering than in the Catalan interpreting, which be these metaphors through both equivalence or the literal method. This stick up method, although to a lesser degree, supports our conclusion as well it was set up that the Catalan rendering utilize a articulate structure similar in form and meaning on 8 occasion while it was set in motion on 5 in the Spanish version.Put contraryly, although the difference is menial (5-8), the Catalan exposition uses the same or some the same metaphor on more cause than the Spanish description. Considered numerically, in the Spanish transformation the most familiar method utilise was that of modification (44), followed by equivalence (41), literal variation (5) and at last neglectfulness (0) and in the Catalan shift the most frequent method apply was equivalence (53), followed by modification (29), literal (8) and in the long run omission (0) as may be seen in plank 3 miscelanea a journal of slope and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 7-75 ISSN 1137-6368 72 Translating colloquial idioms/metaphors in The backstop in the rye whisky 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Spanish Catalan equality 41 53 Modification 44 29 vocal 5 8 oversight 0 0 put over 2 Translation techniques frequency 73 Our results can be compared to similar studies such as Lopez Rua (1997) in The translation of the idiolects in The catcher in the rye whisky An coming through formulate structures and Lorenzo, M. et al. , (1999) indispensableness of meaning fundamental interaction amongst position, Galician and Spanish in Salingers The catcher in the rye whisky.Although the focus of neither reckon is the translation of colloquial idioms/metaphors, both studies discuss pass of meaning upon translation from English to Spanish and from English to Galician, and coincide in the need to verify form and meaning amongst source text and target text. Specifically, Lopez Rua set up that the most label similitude in both translations is the impose on _or_ oppress and peculation of the technique of modification or paraphrasing intimately of the inadequacies find in the Spanish and Galician versions are related to to the translations by paraphrase and by omission.In my view, they are due to the fact that the translators harbor failed to fuck the defining features of the characters idiolect (for example, the taxonomic use of some lexicalise structures). Apparently, they are not conscious of the fact that the writer is deliberately reanimateing to trite and matte phrase in order to define the characters and their speech habits. twain translations (but curiously the Spa nish one) seem dead ineffectual to render the characters idiolects consummately.Instead of trying to convey those idiolects whenever manageable (of course, adapting them to the peculiarities of the TL), in most cases the translators resort to the opinionated omission of repeated structures, and some other times they translate those recurrent structures in many another(prenominal) different ways miscelanea a journal of side of meat and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Michael OMara without victorious into account the context, the style, and the character who uses them. As a result, the translation becomes expressionless. 19 The results of Lorenzo et. al. 1999), can be utilise as well to our study, peculiarly in terminuss of the brilliance of a strict bail bond to the identity convention20, from which the Spanish and Gallician versions could give birth benefited the legal age of the possible errors just study could urinate been avoided if the tran slators had taken into consideration the identity principle In fact, the identity principle, since it is found on the commensurateness betwixt form and meaning in the ST and the TT, would have turn out a more accurate mechanism when traffic with the process of translation from a given L1 to L2 and L3. 21 Notes 1 suffer Costello (1959173). 74 2 . turn around Lorenzo, M. , et al. (1999 324). 8 . some of these word combinations have been the object of other studies. For example, see Lopez Rua (1997). 9 . lift up the Oxford English lexicons initiation for idiom http//dictionary. oed. com/cgi/ penetration/50111256? individual=1&query_ case=word&queryword=idiom& starting signal-year=1& pocket_ to_show=10. 4 . rendering provided by Websters modern encyclopedic mental lexicon (1994 374). 5 definition provided by Websters radical encyclopaedic vocabulary (1994 630). 3 . count on modmark (1988 104). . ibidem (1988104). . search Lorenzo, M. , et. al. (1999 . call for Lop ez Rua (1997 147). . ibidem (1997 148). . Baker, M. (199274) in Lopez Rua 10 11 324). 12 13 14 The term colloquial metaphor has been utilize before, especially in online sources Answers. com, etc. It was found to be used in some non-linguistic donnish contexts (legal) such as why headmasterism wont die roughhewn mistakes in competing theories of discriminatory translation, Duke diary of constitutional police force and commonplace Policy, Online Edition, 2007. Duke J. Con. constabulary & Pub. Poly 230, foliate 238. 7 . In books that have been published on the subject the term colloquial idioms seems desirable Ball, W.J. 1972. A practical overhaul to colloquial Idiom, Wood, F. T. 1976. English conversational Idioms, etc. 6 (1997 148). 15 . explanation provided by Websters New comprehensive lexicon (1994 752). 16 . while it is true that both translations of It gets on your nerves sometimes retain figurative/metaphorical meaning, they can be soften mute as col locations ponerse (Spanish) and posarse (Catalan) chunk with nervioso (Spanish) and nervios (Catalan) and their sure use in both standard Spanish and Catalan is crimsonhandedly widespread.Here they serve to shed light on the original metaphor which in English is mostly considered more informal. miscelanea a journal of side of meat and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368 Translating colloquial idioms/metaphors in The catcher in the rye whiskey 17 . The translation of the colloquial metaphor to get to prime(prenominal) origin with someone here is fair imprecise. The Catalan translation is impendent in meaning to the ST, where the metaphor is used in relation to romantic intimacy basic base refers to sign contacts such as kiss a homerun loosely refers to sexual intercourse. 8 . The absence seizure of a translation for the word schnorr in the Spanish translation may be considered evenhandedly inaccurate although the word lollygag does not form a part o f the metaphor itself, it does kick in to the atm in which the metaphor is presented. In this case, the perverty merchantman was unexpended just as un pervertido in the Spanish translation, omitting the indispensable bit of development that the person is a seedy i. e. a dispossessed and/or unforesightful person. The Catalan version translates it as a desgraciat or unfortunate, unlucky, or even distressing person.One might enkindle that a perverty back tooth is more in care with the idiolect of Holden than just a pervert. 19 . assimilate Lopez Rua (1997 149). . See Lorenzo, M. et al. (1999 5). . ibidem (1999329). 20 21 plant cited American subroutine library Association. http//www. ala. org/ala/oif/bannedbooksweek/bbwlinks/ one C mostfrequently. htm BAKER, M. 1992. In Other wrangle A Coursebook on Translation. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. BALL, W. J. 1972. applicative fall to colloquial idiom. capital of the United Kingdom Longman. COSTELLO, D. P. 1959. The language of The catcher in the Rye, AmericanSpeech, Vol. 34, no. 3, October172-81. LOPEZ RUA, P. 1997. The translation of the idiolects in The backstop in the Rye An salute through formulate structures. Miscelanea A daybook of English and American Studies, 18 139-158. LORENZO, M. , et. al. 1999. deprivation of meaning interaction surrounded by English, Galician and Spanish in Salingers The backstop in the Rye. Estudios de linguistica contrastiva. Universidade de capital of Chile de Compostela 323-330. MERRIAM-WEBSTER Inc. 1994. Websters New comprehensive Dictionary.New York sable shack & Leventhal. true 11 June 2007 revise version 17 January 2008 NEWMARK, P. 1988. A textbook of translation. capital of the United Kingdom prentice mansion International. OXFORD English vocabulary http//dictionary. oed. com/cgi/ instauration/50034626? case-by-case=1&query_ type=word&queryword= abreaction&first=1&max _to_show=10 SALINGER, J. D. 1951. The catcher in the Rye. Boston, M A Little, chocolate-brown and Company. . 1990. El wakeful en el camp de segol. Trans. E. Riera & J. Fonalleras. Barcelona chromatography column Empuries. . 2006. El guardian entre el centeno.Trans. C. Criado. capital of Spain Alianza Editorial. SMITH, T. 2007. why originalism wont die jet mistakes in competing theories of discriminatory interpretation. Duke ledger of thoroughgoing fairness and human beings Policy. Online edition, 159 230-238. VERMEER, H. 2004. Skopos and comission in translational action. In Venuti, L. (ed. ) The translation studies reader. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. WOOD, F. T. 1976. English colloquial idioms. capital of the United Kingdom Macmillan. 75 miscelanea a journal of side of meat and American studies 35 (2007) pp. 57-75 ISSN 1137-6368