Corporate Finance - 1661 Words

Corporate finance When investors prefer low dividend payout and what is the relation between dividend payout and cash flow (what will increase and what will decrease when using low dividend payment?) Dividend payout ratio refers to the amount of earnings of a particular company that seeks to issue out to its investors in the form of cash dividends. Dividends payouts may vary depending on the industry and a low dividend payout may signify a good thing or a bad thing. Investors who may opt for a low dividend payout may mean that they are willing to allow the company plough back its annual earnings for the purpose of capital growth of the company they have invested in as well as capital gains incur lower tax rates. It may show that the investors are willing to forgo part of their dividends to generate greater returns which lead to higher stock market prices (Sedzro 2010). On the bad side, it may mean that the company does not have enough capital to pay dividends to its investors. The relationship between dividend payout and cash flow is that a company that pays higher dividends may seem to be having a greater cash flow to meet its daily operational needs but a company paying low dividend payout may seem to be having a low cash flow hence, the company needs to retain the dividends for operational needs. This therefore, translates to an increase in cash flow and a decrease in dividend payout when using low dividend payout (Sedzro 2010). What is the relationship betweenShow MoreRelatedCorporate Finance Notes1881 Words   |  8 PagesStudy notes By Zhipeng Yan Corporate Finance Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, Jeffrey Jaffe Chapter 1 Introduction to Corporate Finance ..................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Accounting Statements and Cash Flow.............................................................. 3 Chapter 3 Financial Markets and NPV: First Principles of Finance................................... 6 Chapter 4 Net Present Value....................................Read MoreNotes for Corporate Finance2082 Words   |  9 PagesCorporate Finance Notes * Chapter One: Introduce to Corporate Finance 1. Three Questions: A. What Long-term asset should be invested? Capital Budgeting B. How to raise cash for capital expenditures? Capital Structure C. How to manage short-term cash flow? Net Working Capital 2. Capital Structure: Marketing Value of Firm = MV of Debt + MV of Equity 3. Finance perspect and Accountant perspect: Finance: Cash Flow ! Accountant: A/R means profit ! 4. Sole proprietorshipRead MoreCorporate Finance69408 Words   |  278 PagesCorporate finance P. Frantz, R. Payne, J. Favilukis FN3092, 2790092 2011 Undergraduate study in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences This subject guide is for a Level 3 course (also known as a ‘300 course’) offered as part of the University of London International Programmes in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. This is equivalent to Level 6 within the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ). For moreRead MoreCorporate Finance4881 Words   |  20 PagesTrends of Leverage 7 2.3 Comparison of capital structure with similar companies 9 2.4 Capital expenditures and its financing 10 2.5 Important factors influencing the use of debt financing 10 2.5.1 Tax Advantage 10 2.5.2 Corporate Tax Rate 11 2.5.3 Credit rating 11 2.5.4 Interest rate 11 2.5.5 Company’s Industry 12 2.5.6 Company’s growth rate 12 2.5.7 Some other arguments about Harvey Norman 12 2.6 Evidence of financial distress 13 Read MoreCorporate Finance1421 Words   |  6 Pagesoperating earnings of the firm. The capitalization is to be made at a rate appropriate to the risk class of the firm. Growth Plans, are involved in capital structural theories in which a certain amount will be allocated for the growth plans. A finance manager should draw a plan according for the dividend policy. For Example: The firm has $10 million as equity capital and $6 million as debt capital and the firm made a profit (after tax) of $2 million, and the fund allocated to the growth plan wasRead MoreCorporate Finance - Concept Questions12247 Words   |  49 Pagesquestions of corporate finance? a. Investment decision (capital budgeting): What long-term investment strategy should a firm adopt? b. Financing decision (capital structure): How much cash must be raised for the required investments? c. Short-term finance decision (working capital): How much short-term cash flow does company need to pay its bills. ( Describe capital structure. Capital structure is the mix of different securities used to finance a firms investmentsRead MoreFundamentals of Corporate Finance 9e82683 Words   |  331 Pageshttp://helpyoustudy.info Chapter 01 - Introduction to Corporate Finance Chapter 01 Introduction to Corporate Finance Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following terms is defined as the management of a firm s long-term investments? A. working capital management B. financial allocation C. agency cost analysis D. capital budgeting E. capital structure Refer to section 1.1 AACSB: N/A Difficulty: Basic Learning Objective: 1-1 Section: 1.1 Topic: Capital budgeting Read MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. It has done so more specifically in the basic infrastructure, natural resources and also in the energyRead MoreAdvanced Corporate Finance4303 Words   |  18 PagesUniversity of Puget Sound School of Business and Leadership BUS 434 Advanced Corporate Finance Professor Alva Wright Butcher Tues-Thurs 11:00-12:20 McIntyre 107 Spring Semester 2012 Office: McIntyre 111 I Phone: 253-879-3349 FAX: 253-879-3156 Office Hours: T-Th: 1:00-1:50 Wed: 9:30-10:30 And by appointment Note that I am always willing to schedule additional office hours by appointment. I check email frequently, so that is also a goodRead MoreEssay Corporate Finance1613 Words   |  7 Pages Why is corporate finance important to all managers? Corporate finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. The primary goal of corporate finance is to enhance corporate value, without taking excessive financial risks. A corporations managements primary responsibility is to maximize the shareholders wealth which translates to stock price maximization. Corporate finance provides

Double Standard Of Masculinity In Gender Role...

Masculinity is a topic that has been debated in our society extensively, through research as well as in informal settings. Many wonder what it means to be masculine, and if we can really assign a definition to such a subjective term. After all, shouldnt ones own perception be the determinant of what constitutes masculinity? This self-construction would be the ideal in our society, but unfortunately, it represents a false belief. Masculinity has certain characteristics assigned to it by our culture. In this paper I will explore the many facets of masculinity and demonstrate how certain beliefs pertaining to it are perpetuated in our society. I will also uncover many of the contradictions between societys assigned definition of†¦show more content†¦The violence boys witness on television further legitimates this belief. Katz explains that advertising imagery equates masculinity with violence. For boys this means aggression is instrumental in that it enables them to establish their masculinity (Katz 1995). Lee Bowker researched the influence advertisements have on youth. He asserts that toy advertisements featuring only boys depict aggressive behavior. Strangely, the aggressive behavior generally results in positive consequences more often than negative. Bowker also looked at commercials with boys that contain references to domination. The results of all the commercials indicate that 68.6% of the commercials positioned toward boys contain incidents of verbal and physical aggression. There was no crossamp;#64979;gender display of aggressive behavior. Interestingly, not one single-sex commercial featuring girls shows any act of aggression (Bowker 1998). This research helps explain that it is not just the reinforcement of close caretakers to the child that legitimate masculinity but society as a whole (using the television as a symbol of society and its desires).Another example of how this can be reinforced even by women who may or may not be trying to promulgate such a belief is with an experience I had growing up:When I would get a cut or a bruise, I would muster up all the strength I had to not cry. I feared that if IShow MoreRelatedDouble Standard of Masculinity in Gender Role Socialization2574 Words   |  11 PagesMasculinity is a topic that has been debated in our society extensively, through research as well as in informal settings. Many wonder what it means to be masculine, and if we can really assign a definition to such a subjective term. After all, shouldnt ones own perception be the determinant of what constitutes masculinity? This self-construction would be the ideal in our society, but unfortunately, it represents a false belief. Masculinity has certain characteristics assigned to it by our cultureRead MoreThe Characteristics Of A Boy And A Girl1536 Words   |  7 Pageswhere did all of this stem from? Gender socialization has had a major impact on the American society since its colonization. History has seen massive changes in the behavioral and social expectations of both men and women. Historical events such as World War two as well as Industrialization are some of the major driving forces that helped sculpt our modern day gender roles as well as their negative impacts on our society. During the era of industrialization women’s roles in society became very specificRead More`` Eat Like A Man, Man : The Advertisement For Their New Texas Double Whopper Burger1473 Words   |  6 Pagesupon witnessing the â€Å"I Am Man† promotional advertisement for their new Texas Double Whopper burger. This brief but influential advert left its viewers wondering whether their diet was masculine or feminine. Within the advertisement, Burger King establishes a theme of power and masculinity, promoting gender roles and stereotypes while belittling the feminist movement through making a mockery of it. The theme of masculinity and power is very apparent within the ad as throughout the entire video, a groupRead MoreGender Inequality : Are All Men The Same?1357 Words   |  6 Pagesaccurate, many men over time grow and change their beliefs or feelings towards sex. A second position is that a man’s environment can affect who they are, and momentarily or in some cases, for an extended period of time can determine their level of â€Å"masculinity†. This can be either negative and positive depending on the situation. Almost every woman in her lifetime has heard the phrase â€Å"Men only want one thing†, the question is, is that really true? Due to societal norms, it is not uncommon for men toRead MoreArgumentatice Essay Gender Roles1268 Words   |  6 Pagessort and scolded. This double standard for men and women dates back as far as the first civilizations and exists only because it is allowed to, because it is taught. Gender roles and cues are instilled in children far prior to any knowledge of the anatomy of the sexes. This knowledge is learned socially, culturally, it is not innate. And these characteristics can vary when the environment one is raised in differs from the norm. Child rearing and cultural factors play a large role in how individuals actRead MoreGreek Life And Its Impacts On Women1108 Words   |  5 Pagescertainly are undeniable benefits and negatives within these systems, the biggest effect they have is on gender. â€Å"Greek life† in college is unhealthy due t o its impact on post-college gender expectations by promoting party culture, encouraging misogyny through ingrained tradition, and indoctrinating women into subservience at an impressionable age. First and foremost, parties plays a huge role in typical â€Å"Greek life.† Party culture, in the most general sense, creates an inherently toxic environmentRead MoreMasculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity1850 Words   |  8 Pagesin which femininity and masculinity play a role in society. At the end of World War II, there were many interpretations on what it meant to be a man† most notably for soldiers returning home from the war whom were either unemployed, handicap and/or suffering from PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). Film and television acted as pivotal agents that influenced a change in the way masculinity was defined. They explored social values as they refer to the ideas of masculinity and femininity by reflectingRead MoreThe Study of Postcolonial Feminist Mahasweta Devi1296 Words   |  6 Pagescontemporary Postcolonial feminist Mahasweta Devi’s Short Stories â€Å"Drupadi, Breast-giver, Behind the Bodice† utters the viewpoint of class and gender clearly. It underlines the fact that the society in which Mahasweta works seems to be starkly divided into two classes- the rich and privileged, and the not are unprivileged. The woman emerges to be a class of low standard has been dominated and doesn’t seem to have attained her freedom even in independent countries. Her sufferings are often under-lookedRead MoreAll Agree In Recognising That Fact Females Exist In The1513 Words   |  7 Pagesto do with the question of whether feminity and masculinity is one of biological or upbringing, â€Å"nature or nurture.† Patriarchal religion, popular attitude, and to some degree, science as well assumes these psycho-social distinctions to rest upon biological differences between the sexes, so that where culture is acknowledged as shaping behaviour, it is said to do no more than cooperate with nature. Many feminists hold that the categories of gender (that is â€Å"feminine and masculine), unlike the categoriesRead MoreStatement of the Problem Female and Male Gender2969 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Statement of the problem Female and male gender Roles in todays society reflect on more than just what others think about the man and female role. This paper will also show how and why people think this way. At the time of conception male and female babies are influenced to act a certain way by the actions of the people around them the most. A babys sex distinction is developed prior to birth. Gender differences are a matter of power, therefore, Masculine is typically a social priority

Benefits of stem cell research Essay Example For Students

Benefits of stem cell research Essay Benefits of stem cell research Essay Medical research has brought to the world many great improvements: cures for numerous types of illnesses, pain medications, and an infinite number of things that have changed the way people look at the scientific side of medical research. Along with the remarkable breakthroughs of medical research comes the cons that have derived from the practice. This includes nerve agents that have been used in chemical warfare. Medical research has the potential to be one of the greatest things that has ever happened to mankind or the worst. With every good product comes a controversial side. One issue that contains a good and bad side is stem cell research. Stem cell research could be one of the biggest breakthroughs in medical history. Although it could be the cure to a vast number of diseases, there are certain moral and ethical issues that come into play. With most public issues, there are two sides to the study of human embryonic stem cells. However, to truly have an opinion, one has to understand what the study contains. The National Institute of Health says, A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to divide (self replicate) for indefinite periods. ..under the right conditions, or given the right signals, stem cells can give rise (differentiate) to the many different cell types that make up the organism. That is, stem cells have the potential to develop into mature cells that have characteristics, shapes and specialized functions, such as heart cells, skin cells, or nerve cells(Potential ). In simpler terms, scientists can reproduce certain types of cells that can be used to treat dying or malfunctioning organisms. The main argument supporting this is the study of stem cells has not been proven to cure any diseases or create stable human tissue. Some say that the promise of embryonic research is based only on a conjecture (Stem Research). With most controversial discoveries, the issue of ethics also comes into light. Pro-life groups have sued the U. S government over stem cell research. This is part of the game that is played with most national issues. Along with the statement from pro-life groups, stem cell research cannot cure anything, comes the fact that stem cells derive from human embryos or fertilized eggs. This is what makes the issue so controversial. In addition, it now falls under the same stipulation as abortion and cloning. Some pro-life groups agree that no embryo should be wasted because life is started at conception. In other words, pro-life groups are saying that scientist are killing babies to do research on something that has not been proven to work (Catholic) In some cases couples who cannot conceive their own children, turn to in vitro fertilization, which is an artificial environment outside the living organism for eggs. While doing this, ten or more embryos are prepared, but only three or four are picked and implanted in the surrogate mother. There are two ways that surplus embryos can be handled. One procedure is to freeze the spares in liquid nitrogen called cryopreservation (Antkowiak ). With freezing, comes many risks of the embryo dying while frozen or in the process of unfreezing. The second possibility is to dispose of the embryos. The embryos are unable to develop outside the mother so they are discarded if not used. The embryos are simply flushed down a sink, others are burned, and some are exposed to the air to die naturally. This is done while the embryos are still living (Human). The simple solution to this is to donate the excess embryos to research. Instead of simply wasting them, scientists can use them to further the possibilities of stem cell research. .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b , .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .postImageUrl , .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b , .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b:hover , .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b:visited , .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b:active { border:0!important; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b:active , .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a0186d58e3bee7a08046db0e6a0048b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction Was it truly beneficial EssayAlthough it seems that stem cell research is a useful way to use the excess embryos, some say that the embryos are not always wasted. Some of the embryos that are frozen wait to be adopted by other couples. This is an alternative to being destroyed (Reaves). This seems as though it should be the fate of all excess embryos; but again, during the transition from being frozen to thawing, there is a risk of death. Ethical issues that arise from stem .

Jails and Prisons

A description of jail’s place in corrections and its role throughout history Jails play a crucial role when it comes to corrections in the United States. To start with, jails receive offenders who are to be arraigned in court later and the offenders who await trial. The other role that jails play in corrections includes the readmission of parole, probation, bail absconders and violators. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jails and Prisons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jails have a place in corrections since they contribute significantly to the temporary detention of juveniles, the mentally challenged persons, as well as individuals who have to be transferred to other facilities (Cole Smith, 2009). The other role played by jails in the context of corrections includes the reduction of offender recidivism. This role is achieved through the use of correctional strategies, which take the form of community ba sed sanctions as well as services. The correctional role of jails also includes a change in the behavior of offenders, especially through vocational courses, which offenders learn while in jail. The vocational courses and training given to offenders are instrumental in helping them live a better life after prison (Seiter, 2011). According to Seiter (2011), â€Å"throughout history, jails have played a crucial role in the improvement of offender outcomes.† Jails have been depended upon for the transfer of inmates to local, state, and federal authorities. Moreover, jails have played a crucial role in housing inmates from state and federal prisons who may have overcrowded in these facilities. In addition, jails have operated programs based in the community whose aim has been to improve the lives of offenders and would be offenders. The other role that jails have played throughout history includes the holding of inmates, especially those sentenced for short periods. A summary o f the history of state and federal prisons The state and federal prisons can hold criminals who have committed similar crimes. The two forms of prisons can be regarded as alike, although there tends to be many differences between these forms of prisons. The federal prison tends to hold individuals whose incarceration can be considered to be long. On the other hand, state prisons hold prisoners incarcerated for short periods. State prisons began in the early 1800s; the Sing Sing State prison was the first state prison to be built. This prison is one of the oldest state prisons that has existed for a long period, and which continues to be existent up to date. The emergence of state prisons took the form of small prisons; these prisons became vital as they held most prisoners and high populations of offenders in America. Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since penitentiaries began in e ach of the states in the United States of America, there has been a sharp increase in the number of prisoners in state prisons. Most states have had to provide funding and finances needed to run the prison systems in their respective states. Historically, it has been the mandate of the states to provide for the staff, food, as well as other necessities needed in the state prisons (Keve, 1995). The federal prison system traces its history to the 1890s. However, federal prisons witnessed significant changes in 1930 following the signing of a bill by President Herbert Hoover. The bill signed by President Hoover led to the establishment of a federal prison system, which marked the beginning of the building of federal facilities. The introduction of federal laws dealing with bank robbery as well as white collar crimes led to the growth in the federal prison system (Keve, 1995). A comparison of the similarities and differences between security levels in jails, state prisons, and federal p risons There are a number of security levels in jails, state prisons, as well as federal prisons, which play an instrumental role in the classification of prisoners. The security levels in state prisons are from level one to level four. The other levels of security in American jails are satellite low security levels as well as satellite camps. Satellite camps include small facilities, which may be next or adjacent to large prisons. These camps are instrumental because they give prisoners a place they can go when they want to do some work. Satellite low security refers to facilities, which tend to be attached to large facilities. Low security satellites house criminals who have exhibited desirable behavior over time and can be released from prison (Cole Smith, 2009). Keve (1995) states â€Å"in the federal system of prisons, security levels can be classified as administrative, medium, high, minimum, as well as low.† In most cases, the criminals held in the federal prison com prise of a politician or a drug dealer. These prisons hold offenders who have varying offence levels; most of these offences relate to the former political officials, judicial officials, and immigrants found to illegally cross over the United States border for several times. An explanation of factors influencing growth in jails, state prisons, and federal prisons There has been a high growth in the number of people in prisons. This has led to overcrowding in the United States prisons; jails, state prisons, and federal prisons have been affected by this growth. One factor contributing to the growth in jails includes the increasing number of offenders. With time, the number of offenders has increased significantly; this has translated to increase in prisoners, as well as growth in prisons. Another factor that causes the growth in prisons is the increasing rate of juvenile crimes. The prison population has increased significantly since juveniles are being tried just like adults. The g overnment has altered laws, which address the issue of juvenile offenders. As a result, there have occurred some changes in that there tends to be many juvenile offenders who undergo sentencing than in the past (Cole Smith, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jails and Prisons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other factor contributing to the growth in jails, prisons and federal prisons include the increasing number of women offenders. In the recent past, women offenders have increased significantly. This has led to a high number of women in prisons, thus leading to the growth in prisons and federal facilities. The high number of illegal immigrants has also contributed to the growth of prisons. Growth in jails can also be attributed to the rising rates of poverty. Poverty can be termed as a key factor, which accelerates crimes thus leading to a high number of prisoners. The income inequalities, and the gap between those who are rich and the poor can be termed as one of the major causes of poverty. As a result of poverty, the poor opt to enter in crime with the sole aim of ensuring that they are at par with the rich. Consequently, they find themselves in the wrong side of the law (Cole Smith, 2009). References Cole, G. F. Smith, C. (2009). The American System of Criminal Justice. New York: Gardners Books. Keve, P. W. (1995). Prisons and the American conscience: A history of U.S. federal corrections. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Seiter, R. P. (2011). Corrections: An introduction (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. This essay on Jails and Prisons was written and submitted by user Marco Lee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.