Candles Essays - Catholic Liturgy, Candle, Cinnamon,

Candles My science Report My science question is: Do the different types of candle scents affect the amount of time the candle turns into liquid? I am going to take four different scents of candles, strawberry, cinnamon, pear, and honeydew, all the same size, and do my experiment. My dad, mom, brother and I will all light the candles at the same time and wait to see how long they take to burn. I will record all of the information. I think that all of the candles will burn in the same length of time regardless of the scent. The scent is only there for the smell. I think that the candles will burn in a period of one hour and 45 minutes. The candles will all be burning under the same conditions. Why I chose this experiment is because I love candles. It interests me how there are so many different types of waxes such as beeswax, paraffin, cerumen, and tallow. Also all the different sizes, they go from the height of 2cm. to the height of maybe a foot or two. It is also weird how some candles burn in minutes and others is seems like hours. I love all of the different scents like, strawberry, cherry, plum, orange, pear, lemon, apple, honeydew, cranberry, grape, and cinnamon etc. And this is why I want to know if the different scents of the candles change the amount of time they take to burn. I took four candles, all the same size, but in four different scents. I measured the candles and the height is 5 cm., the width is 3.5 cm. and the wick is 1/2cm. Then I asked my family to help me light the candles. When we lit the candles, my dad lit the honeydew candle, my mom lit the cinnamon candle, my brother lit pear candle and I lit the strawberry candle. When we first lit the candles, my dad thought his was going to win because it dropped the first dot of wax. But I wasnt so sure because it appeared like it was slowing down. After my first test was completed the results were as follows: Cinnamon came in first at a time of 1 hr. 48 min., Strawberry came in second at a time of 2 hrs. 40 min., Honeydew came in third at a time of 2 hrs. 48 min. and Pear came in fourth with a time of 5 hr 31 min. I was amazed at the big time difference. I never would have thought it was possible. My family helped me to start my second try at this experiment again. We all lit a candle, and I started the timer once again. The results were as follows: Honeydew came in first at a time of 2 hrs. 48 min., Strawberry came in second at a time of 3 hrs. 02 min., Cinnamon came in third at a time of 3 hrs 24 min. and Pear came in fourth with a time of 4 hrs 30 min. Again there was a big difference in the time it took each candle to burn. My dad and I looked up information on the Internet about candles. We found out that candles have different flash points. A flash point is the temperature in which a candle can ignite with a type of open flame. The flash point should be at least 170 degrees. My dad and I think that if it is higher then 170 degrees it should burn faster and if it is under 170 degrees then it should burn slower. Although it didnt make sense that honeydew, cinnamon, and pear are at 200 degrees and strawberry is at 150 degrease. Pear should have the lowest degrease according to the flash point. The first time pear took 5 hours and 31 minutes and the second time it took 4 hours and 30 minutes. Cinnamon, strawberry, and honeydew took in between 1 hour and 48 minutes and 3 hours and 24 minutes. This experiment has shown me that there is a lot more to learn about candles than I expected. It is very interesting, and I think I am going to do a little more experimenting! Tests Scent Time Test one

Washington Naval Disarmament Treaty

Washington Naval Disarmament Treaty The Washington Naval Conference Following the end of World War I, the United States, Great Britain, and Japan all commenced large-scale programs of capital ship construction. In the United States, this took the form of five new battleships and four battlecruisers, while across the Atlantic the Royal Navy was preparing to build its series of G3 Battlecruisers and N3 Battleships. For the Japanese, the postwar naval construction began with a program calling for eight new battleships and eight new battlecruisers. This building spree led to concern that a new naval arms race, similar to the pre-war Anglo-German competition, was about to begin. Seeking to prevent this, President Warren G. Harding called the Washington Naval Conference in late 1921, with the goal of establishing limits on warship construction and tonnage. Convening on November 12, 1921, under the auspices of the League of Nations, the delegates met at Memorial Continental Hall in Washington DC. Attended by nine countries with concerns in the Pacific, the principal players included the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. Leading the American delegation was Secretary of State Charles Evan Hughes who sought to limit Japanese expansionism in the Pacific. For the British, the conference offered an opportunity to avoid an arms race with the US as well as an opportunity to achieve stability in the Pacific which would provide protection to Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand. Arriving in Washington, the Japanese possessed a clear agenda that included a naval treaty and recognition of their interests in Manchuria and Mongolia. Both nations were concerned about the power of American shipyards to out-produce them if an arms race were to occur. As the negotiations commenced, Hughes was aided by intelligence provided by Herbert Yardleys Black Chamber. Operated cooperatively by the State Department and US Army, Yardleys office was tasked with intercepting and decrypting communications between the delegations and their home governments. Particular progress was made breaking Japanese codes and reading their traffic. The intelligence received from this source permitted Hughes to negotiate the most favorable deal possible with the Japanese. After several weeks of meetings, the worlds first disarmament treaty was signed on February 6, 1922. The Washington Naval Treaty The Washington Naval Treaty set specific tonnage limits on the signees as well as restricted armament size and expansion of naval facilities. The core of the treaty established a tonnage ratio that permitted the following: United States: Capital Ships - 525,000 tons, Aircraft Carriers - 135,000 tonsGreat Britain: Capital Ships - 525,000 tons, Aircraft Carriers - 135,000 tonsJapan: Capital Ships - 315,000 tons, Aircraft Carriers - 81,000 tonsFrance: Capital Ships - 175,000 tons, Aircraft Carriers - 60,000 tonsItaly: Capital Ships - 175,000 tons, Aircraft Carriers - 60,000 tons As part of these restrictions, no single ship was to exceed 35,000 tons or mount larger than 16-inch guns. Aircraft carrier size was capped at 27,000 tons, though two per nation could be as large as 33,000 tons. In regard to onshore facilities, it was agreed that the status quo at the time of the treatys signing would be maintained. This prohibited the further expansion or fortification of naval bases in small island territories and possessions. Expansion on the mainland or large islands (such as Hawaii) was permitted. Since some commissioned warships  exceeded the treaty terms, some exceptions were made for existing tonnage. Under the treaty, older warships could be replaced, however, the new vessels were required to meet the restrictions and all signatories were to be informed of their construction. The 5:5:3:1:1 ratio imposed by the treaty led to friction during negotiations. France, with coasts on the Atlantic and Mediterranean, felt that it should be permitted a larger fleet than Italy. They were finally convinced to agree to the ratio by promises of British support in the Atlantic. Among the main naval powers, the 5:5:3 ratio was badly received by the Japanese who felt they were being slighted by the Western Powers. As the Imperial Japanese Navy was essentially a one-ocean navy, the ratio still gave them a superiority over the US and Royal Navy which had multi-ocean responsibilities. With the treatys implementation, the British were forced to cancel the G3 and N3 programs and the US Navy was required to scrap some of its existing tonnages to meet the tonnage restriction. Two battlecruisers then under construction were converted into the aircraft carriers USS Lexington and USS Saratoga. The treaty effectively stopped battleship construction for several years as the signatories attempted to design ships that were powerful, but yet still met the agreements terms. Also, efforts were made to build large light cruisers that were effectively heavy cruisers or that could be up-converted with bigger guns in wartime. In 1930, the treaty was altered by the London Naval Treaty. This, in turn, was followed by the Second London Naval Treaty in 1936. This last treaty was not signed by Japanese as they had decided to withdraw from the agreement in 1934. The series of treaties begun with the Washington Naval Treaty effectively ceased on September 1, 1939, with the beginning of World War II. While in place, the treaty did somewhat limit capital ship construction, however, the per vessel tonnage limitations were frequently flouted with most signatories either using creative accounting in computing displacement or outright lying about a vessels size. Selected Sources Washington Naval Treaty: TextUS State Department: Washington Naval Conference

Early Childhood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Early Childhood Education - Essay Example This paper outlines that according to Pavlov, â€Å"an unconditioned stimulus elicits and unconditional response†. This means that the fact that the sticker tactic was a planned stimulus and was not unconditional, that is why it failed. Alternatively, we can also assume that the reason verbal reprimand by Regan’s teachers failed because the stimulus was not effective enough. Regan did not respond to the sticker strategy because the stimulus was not durable enough to prove beneficial in this context. Regan is one of those kids, who need to develop the sense of pride within them, and this could only be achieved by involving Pavlov’s behaviorism theory, which says that for conditioning a kid’s behavior, strong and unconditional stimuli is more effective. If the sticker strategy was used in another way, like the teachers should have made various stickers symbolizing properly done, not good behavior, or very bad attitude, Regan might have felt more inclined tow ards the right attitude that would garner her well-done sticker. By allowing her to choose the sticker according to her performance, instead of providing her the same sticker every day might have done the trick. To understand the psychological tendency of children is the keystone towards conditioning their behaviors at an early stage. According to Darla Miller, to replace misbehavior with the desired behavior, the focus should be on what the child should do rather than what the child should not do. By redirecting his or her attention to other activities and emphasizing on their effectiveness may prove beneficial in this regard. Just like in the case of Regan, the pinching habit was minimized only Regan realized that Emily was having a problem at painting, so it became an issue of integral importance for her to help Emily out, and her focus shifted from pinching to painting.  

Vodun and the related Voodoo religions of the African culture Essay

Vodun and the related Voodoo religions of the African culture - Essay Example None of the part of this great continent can claim absolute ownership regarding the origination of Voodoo. However the Voodoo in its present form had been originated in Haiti when the Europeans colonized the Hispaniola. The origination of Voodoo has strong connection and interlink with the transportation of African slaves to the other parts of the world. When Africa first came under the European domination; the Africans were readily started to be considered as cheap labor and worthy of transportation as slaves. The European colonists were confident that since these slaves belonged to different ethnic groups hence, they can never come together and build any resistance against their so called white rulers (Chesi, 6-7; Louis, 47). Interestingly Voodoo evolved as a phenomenon within unity in diversity. The continuous oppression of the European rulers and the misery of slavery created a common thread among those who were oppressed and in search of salvation they created a religion that wa s a mix of different faiths and practises; cumulatively referred as Voodoo (Christoph and Oberlander). The term Voodoo has evolved from the West African term Vodun and is a fusion of different beliefs that came from various African Ethnic groups namely â€Å"Fon, the Nago, the Ibos, Dahomeans, Congos , Senegalese, Haussars, Caplaous, Mondungues, Mandinge, Angolese, Libyans, Ethiopians, and the Malgaches.† (Voodoo)... Such rituals are a culmination of â€Å"prayers, drumming, dancing, singing and animal sacrifice† (Edwards, 296). Among many other animals; serpent holds the prime spot in Voodoo rituals. The importance of serpent in Voodoo rituals can be easily grasped through the fact that the word Voodoo means â€Å"the snake under whose auspices gathers all who share the faith† (Voodoo). The serpent expresses his immense power through the Papa or Maman who is the high priest. Among all other deities Bon Dieu is considered as most powerful and prime of them all. In Voodoo spirits are called Loa who on one hand controls Mother Nature and on the other determines human fate through influencing their health, financial prosperity and happiness. Some important deities in Voodoo are Damballah, Ezil, Ogu, Agwe and Legba (Michel, 63; Owusu, 43). In Voodoo ceremony the spirit or the Loa occupies the soul and body of the faithful participants and delivers his advice, warnings and desires throug h them. Voodoo is closely associated with nature and every possible natural phenomenon is considered to be the act of a Loa. In western culture there is a misconception regarding Voodoo dance that forms an important part of any Voodoo ceremony (Owusu). Such dance as described by the western experts is sexual expression. In reality they are just the opposite; these dances are spiritual expression and an attempt to get connected with the divine being. Unlike many other religions Voodoo is mainly based on practical experience and is deeply routed with the family and the community. An excellent example of that might be considering the dead ancestors as a part of the Loas (Rigaud, 50). Somewhere such belief is deeply routed with history

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Research Paper Example The study objectives of this study include the analysis of the status of internet marketing in Hong Kong, to examine the effectiveness of internet marketing at Hong Kong, and to examine the behavior and the viewpoints of consumers, towards internet marketing (Anderson, Claes, & Lehmann 53). Introduction There is no doubt that the internet continues to shape consumer trends not only in Hong Kong, but also in the rest of the world. The internet has grown into a crucial source of information for the entire population. In response to this trend, and the growing influence of the internet, advertisers and marketers found it a useful tool to reach target consumers. Due to the integrated nature of the role of the internet in marketing, the effectiveness of online advertising has remained an issue of debate among consumers, scholars and advertisers (Charlesworth 33-334). This paper will be an analysis of the status of internet marketing in Hong Kong and its effectiveness in shaping purchasing behaviors of Hong Kong consumers. Basically, the paper will analyze the role played by internet advertizing in influencing Hong Kong’s consumer behavior. ... ance publication of 2008 noted that the amounts spent on internet advertising in Hong Kong are in the range of HK$ 172 million, for the opening quarter of 2008. Of the total expenditure, electrical and computer appliances grouping contributed the most, giving a total of HK$ 30 million. During this quarter of 2008, more than 1000 advertisers advertised their wares over the internet: 5.5 billion internet-advertising impressions and 2800 campaigns. Previous studies show that advertising – directly or indirectly influences the purchasing behavior of consumers. According to Charlesworth, customers with a fair outlook towards advertising are more likely to be influenced by advertising – into making purchases (67-69). Undoubtedly, there are many types of advertisements, which people can use to advertise their products and services. Currently, internet advertising has proved to be the most effective method of marketing products. The emergence of the internet as a tool for marke ting has so far proved to be one of the most effective methods of boosting consumer behavior. It is imperative to note that internet use began in 1980s and has since grown tremendously throughout the world. The emergence of new technologies such as fiber optics has even led to the increase of business opportunities, but its use as well. All over the world, over 150 million people use internet for various purposes, and the numbers keep on increasing each day. Today, through internet, the world has become a global village where consumers use the smallest gadgets—mobile phones—to buy products and services (Faber, Lee, and Xiaoli 447). From internet banking to money transfer to online purchasing, the internet has become a powerful device in the consumer industry. Various governments are busy putting

Stupefying Symbolism In The Yellow Wallpaper English Literature Essay

Stupefying Symbolism In The Yellow Wallpaper English Literature Essay In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator, whose name is not given, has been placed in the top of an old house in a room with yellow wallpaper. The woman had just undergone child birth and is going through a nervous condition (Gilman 721). As the woman stays in the room, she becomes obsessed with the yellow wallpaper plastered to the walls of her room. Within the literal factors of the story, are symbols that show the underlying message of the story; symbols such as the room, writing in her notebook, and the yellow wallpaper. The story, when simply read, shows a woman slowly going insane, but when read critically, the reader is able to see a deeper significance captured in the symbols that lie in the story. The room that the narrator is staying in is an isolated one at the top of the house, containing nothing but a bed that is nailed to the floor and the yellow wallpaper that she tremendously dislikes (724). The isolated room is her place to write when alone, though she believes that her husbands sister thinks it is the writing which made me sick (724). The writer might infer from the latter statement that the isolated room is a symbol of a safe-haven for the narrator. As the story drew to its closing, the narrator locks herself in the room from both her husband, John, and his sister, Jennie, calling to them that the key is down by the front door under a plantain leaf (731). She was attempting to finish peeling the wallpaper back to stand behind it and the room was her only thing keeping her family out (731). Though the narrator was insane by this time, the reader can infer that by locking herself in the room and her family out, she felt safe there. The narrator writes in her notebook throughout the story, keeping it hidden from her family, and taking it out only when they leave the room (724). The notebook symbolizes a hint of stableness in, what seems to be, a deeply oppressed life of the narrator. An example of said oppression is when the narrator writes, There comes John, and I must put this away,he hates to have me write a word. The narrator believes that the writing is not making her sick and proves so when she writes about Jennie, I verily believe she thinks it is the writing which made me sick! But I can write when she is out, and see her a long way off from these windows (724). As the story draws to a close and the narrator has begun to end her writing sessions, she goes insane. The reader might draw the conclusion that her writing was the only thing that was keeping the narrator sane. The yellow wallpaper, which the narrator refers to as paper, symbolizes the repression of the narrator by her husband, and eventually, freedom from said repression (721). Throughout the story, the narrator tells her audience of her dislike for the yellow wallpaper, describing the color as repellent, almost revolting: a smouldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight. It is a dull yet lurid orange in some places, a sickly sulphur tint in others (722). The narrator states that, when she asked him to repaper the room, John [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] meant to repaper the room, but afterward he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient that to give way to such fancies. He said that after the wallpaper was changed it would be the heavy bedstead; and then the barred windows, and then that gate at the head of the stairs, and so on (723). The reader can pull from the latter statement that John was only making up excuses. He knew that his wife was upset by the paper and still would not change it. The narrators statements, Ive got out at last and in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back shows that the narrator has realized that the wallpaper was a way her husband oppressed her from life, and by tearing it off the wall, was able to become free (731). Some might argue that the narrators room is not a symbol of a safe-haven, but the symbol of imprisonment. As for writing in her notebook, some might dispute that symbolizes rebellion, instead of stability. Others may consider that the yellow wallpaper symbolizes the narrators sanity, and not repression. Though the points stated are logical to an extent, there are grounds to take a different approach to the symbolism of said symbols. Those who believe that the narrators room is a symbol of imprisonment may see the room in this way because of the blandness of it, the fact that the bed is bolted to the floor, and the reality of the narrator not being permitted to leave the room. What said people need to see is that the room is not imprisoning the narrator, her husband is. The room symbolizes security for the narrator because, as stated previously, the room is the only thing giving the woman the occasion to write. Some believe that the narrator writing in her notebook symbolizes rebellio n because she states, I did write for a while in spite of them, but what those people fail to see is that she did not does (721). The narrator felt only love towards her family and knew that it bothered them to see her write, so, she only did so when they were out of the room. The notebook symbolizes stability because it is only while writing in the notebook that the reader sees that the narrator is sane. It is not until the reader begins to tell a story, rather than write down events, that she turns insane. As for the yellow wallpaper representing the narrators sanity, some may see that as the wallpaper gets removed from the wall, the narrators sanity gets ripped away with it. What said people do not comprehend is that the narrator is slowly removing years of oppression that her husband laid on her. She states, in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back (731). The latter quote shows that the narrator realizes how oppressed she was by her husband and refuses to go back to being repressed by him. When read simply, The Yellow Wallpaper, portrays a woman who is slowly going insane, and by the end has a mental breakdown. After looking at the short story critically, one must notice the use of symbolism in the story. The secluded room that the narrator stays in symbolizes a sanctuary, giving the narrator time to write when her family is away. The narrator writing in her notebook symbolizes the stability in the narrators life that slowly deteriorates as the story draws to an end. Last, but not least, the horrid yellow wallpaper symbolized the oppression that the narrator undergoes from her husband, and when finally removed, the freedom. The symbols displayed in The Yellow Wallpaper give the story a stronger underlying meaning, and to the narrator, by her audience, a sense that she was not completely insane, but a woman who found independence in something as ugly as yellow wallpaper. Work Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Exploring Literature: Writing and Arguing About Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. Frank Madden. 4th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. 496-501. Print.

Axolotl Biology Research Essay

A sexually mature adult axolotl, at age 18–24 months, ranges in length from 15–45 cm (6–18 in), although a size close to 23 cm (9 in) is most common and greater than 30 cm (12 in) is rare. Axolotls possess features typical of salamander larvae, including external gills and a caudal fin extending from behind the head to the vent. Their heads are wide, and their eyes are lidless. Their limbs are underdeveloped and possess long, thin digits. Males are identified by their swollen cloacae lined with papillae, while females are noticeable for their wider bodies full of eggs. Three pairs of external gill stalks (rami) originate behind their heads and are used to move oxygenated water. The external gill rami are lined with filaments (fimbriae) to increase surface area for gas exchange. Four gill slits lined with gill rakers are hidden underneath the external gills. Axolotls have barely visible vestigial teeth, which would have developed during metamorphosis. The primary method of feeding is by suction, during which their rakers interlock to close the gill slits. External gills are used for respiration, although buccal pumping (gulping air from the surface) may also be used in order to provide oxygen to their lungs. Axolotls have four different colours, two naturally occurring colors and two mutants. The two naturally occurring colors are â€Å"wildtype† (varying shades of brown usually with spots) and melanoid (black). The two mutant colors are leucistic (pale pink with black eyes) and albino (golden, tan or pale pink with pink eyes). mexican axolotl are able to shed their skin just like snakes. Australians and New Zealanders frequently refer to the Axolotl as the Mexican Walking Fish, though the Axolotl is not a fish but an amphibian, a salamander, part of the order Caudata/Urodela. Because it’s a salamander, it’s part of one of the three branches of class Amphibia, which also includes the frogs and toads[->0] (the Anurans[->1]), and the mainly eel-like order, Gymnophiona, which are also known as the Caecilians. The name â€Å"Axolotl† comes from the Aztec language, â€Å"Nahuatl†. One of the most popular translations of the name connects the Axolotl to the god of deformations and death, Xolotl, while the most commonly accepted translation is â€Å"water-dog† (from â€Å"atl† for water, and â€Å"xolotl†, which can also mean dog). The mexican axolotl has the ability of regenerating its body parts, so if it loses a body part it can just grow it back. it is a carnovore The Axolotl is the largest member of the family Ambystomatidae The Axolotl was originally native to Xochimilco and Chalco, two freshwater lakes south of Mexico City. Sadly, Chalco is now gone, and Xochimilco survives only as a network of canals and lagoons. These bodies of water are muddy bottomed and rich in plant and animal life.